Do you have decreased testosterone levels?

Low levels of the male sex hormone testosterone can contribute to bone loss.

Do you have low bone mass, as confirmed by a BMD test?

BMD test results are reported as T-scores. T-scores reflect a measure of bone strength adjusted for age—they compare your bone density with that of healthy young adult men. Normal bones are healthy and strong. Bones weakened by osteoporosis have become thin, making them more likely to break.

Do you have a family history of osteoporosis or broken bones from minimal trauma?

In part, susceptibility to fracture may be hereditary. If a parent or grandparent was diagnosed with osteoporosis, you might also be at increased risk—eg, people whose parents have a history of vertebral fractures seem to have reduced bone mass. A personal history of a fracture with minimal trauma as an adult also increases your risk of fracture.

Do you have a low body weight?

Men with low body weight are at higher risk of osteoporosis than other men.

Do you use certain medications, such as corticosteroids (eg, for asthma or arthritis) or thyroid hormone?

A significant, and often overlooked risk factor in the development of osteoporosis, is the use of certain medications to treat chronic medical conditions.

Medications used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, an underactive thyroid, seizure disorders, and gastrointestinal disorders may have side effects that can increase bone loss and lead to osteoporosis.

Some of these medications are:

1. Corticosteroids: These drugs can cause bone to be removed faster than it is formed, so bone loss occurs and bones become weaker. Therefore, maintaining bone mass is important to keep your bones healthy. Medicines such as cortisone or prednisone are used to treat a variety of conditions, such as rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, autoimmune diseases, asthma, and following transplantations.
2. Thyroid hormones (excessive)
3. Seizure medicine (anticonvulsants)
4. Antacids containing aluminum
5. Heparin used to prevent blood clots
6. Cholestyramine taken to control blood cholesterol levels

For many people, these are lifesaving or life-enhancing drugs. That’s why it is important to discuss the use of these medications with your doctor and not stop or alter your medication dose on your own.

Do you smoke?

Smoking is a risk factor for bone loss and thus can weaken your bones.

Do you drink several alcoholic beverages per day?

Increased alcohol intake can reduce bone formation and is associated with increased risk of fracture.

Do you consume too little calcium or vitamin D?

Calcium and vitamin D are important in health. Even if you are taking medicine for osteoporosis, it is important that your dietary intake of calcium and vitamin D is adequate. If not, you should talk to your doctor about the need for supplements.

Do you exercise infrequently?

Inactivity makes your bones lose strength and become thinner. Over time, thin bones may break. Men who aren’t active or have decreased muscle strength are at increased risk of osteoporosis. Be sure to talk to your doctor before starting any exercise program.